Things here in Canada may be a little different than where you hunt, but I use a 25-06 for field hunting, and a 308win for bush with longer shots (200 yds) and a 30-30win in heavy bush (less than 100 yds) for deer.
The way we see it here (deer 75-300lbs, coyotes 30-75lbs):
222/223 varmint gun Hare, foxes, coyotes and wood chucks
243 absolute min for deer and as above
25-06, 257 Roberts best comprimise for deer and varmints in farm country, a little too much meat waste on close range deer but effective range to 350 yds with 100 gr slug
270 is much like the 25-06 but can be used on all big game ( I wouldn't take a 25-06 for Moose)
280, 7mm Rem mag, 30-06, 308 are the best big game choices here with the 30-06 being the most common. My prefernce is the shorter case length of the 308 (shorter bolt throw, and slightly lighter gun). Bullet weights would be 165gr for deer and smaller, 180-200 for moose.
7mm Rem mag kicks like a bear and wastes too much meat on deer for me.
So my choices are 25-06 with 100gr slug for deer and smaller if deer ranges are 100-300yds(preferably not less than 100), woodchucks to 500yds , and 308 for all game 0-200yds. But my fav is shooting deer less than 100yds with a 100yr old 30-30 win.
Many people I hunt with use 270's and 30-06 and they work very well.